Improvement in apparatus for cooling and freezing



A.0.TW1N1 NG. APPARATUS .POR COOKING ANDP'REEZING.

No. 34,018. Patented Deo. 24, 1'861.

and horizontal stacks above described.

' vUNITED STATES v VPATEIWI" OFFICE.

ALEXANDER o. TWINING, OE NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT |N APPARATUS FOR COOLING AND FRYEi-:ZINGQ` Spor-ilicatinn forming part ol' Leiters Patent No. 311,01 8, dated December 24, 1861. ,I

To all' whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER C. TWIN- ING, of the city of New Haven, county of New Haven, and State of Connecticut, have invented a new and useful Improvement inFreezing and Cooling Apparatus; and Ideclare that the following is a full and correct description of my said improvement.

Referring to the accompanying drawings from Figure I to Fig. VII, and tothe elevations, ground plans, and sections shown, "res'pectively, to illustrate the parts shown 'in those figures, I first describe the arrangements Shown by Figs. I and II.

called cisterns, that their freezing-vessels;-

K, of iron, copper, or other metal, may be set between and nearly fill the vat. The pipes might be round; but I think an oval or iiatteued shape preferable. rlhese vessels nearly touch the stacks or partitions of oval pipes, and also their bottom nearly comes down upon the horizontal stacks of oval floor-pipes e c c, &c.; but the timber-strips s s s, &c., hold the vessels and come close upon both the vertical This forms longitudinal chambers s t s between the vat-door, the strips s s, andthe floor-stacks c c c, except that in the latter the pipes are set not quite close to one another, but leaving narrow longitudinal lines open for the cold liquid of the Vat to be thrown by the splashpump, hereinafter to be described. All these oval pipes are to conduct a constant current and circulation of cold ether or other old liquid, which cools the liquid in the vat, .nd

this last freezes, or, if desired, simply refrigerat-es, the contents of K K K, Src. This cold liquid comes from the supplyfpipe DI), passes up into the first or righthand four-way cock, I I, (shown with slots z z from outside'to the interior,) thence through the left front channels, fiz', thence through the stacks F F F c c e, &c.,

that open from t i, thence through'the back channels, hh, around-into the next succeeding vstacks F F e e, that run backand open into the corresponding right-hand front channel, M, thence into the side slot of the second fourway cock I I, which is shown inwardly with its plug, .thence through the plug into the next left-hand channel i i, and vsol on through as many stacks, channels, and cocks as may be desired. The igureshows only-two,` stacks F F, connectedwith each left-hand channel and each right-hand channel,'and four with each back channel; but these may be increased at pleasure. At the last cock on the left in the series the stacks run past and couple by bolts with the opposite stacks of the other half of' the vat by the dat brackets l l l Z. The

circulation thus goes on to the back channels of that half, and the cocks and other front channels,till, Iinall y, it comes back to the righthand front channel of the first cock and goes out at top into the exit-pipe E E, and back to be cooled again at the source of cold. Now, by setting the plugs properly, either cock of the series maybe made the iirst in the system' of circulation. This 'will'be understood by carefully considering the construction of the shell, Fig. I, and the plug, Fig. VII. -The shell has four up and down slots, c 83e., centered one quadrant apart, and which meet openings in the plug. partments or channels-one c o', closedat top and bottom, but open to the outside, except as closed by the shell, and opening to two contiguous slots z' z, a second, x, opening int-o the exit .E E, above and at one side into a slot ofthe shell, except when closed by the side of the latter, a third, 'w w, opening below into the supply D I), and outward through the shell or a slot thereof, vand the fourth,

y yrunning around between the two lastnamed compartments from one slot to another 'slot of the shell one quadrant from it. If w w opens from the supply into the left-hand front channel of any cock, x w opens into the right-hand corresponding channel, and alsov into the exit; but -v 'v gives a clear way round from one back slot and channel z' into the other; but the channel y y is closed upon the shell. The other cocks are all to beset with y y opening into both front channels and o v open both back channels, while both the sup; ply andexit compartments are closed against The plug has four com.

the shell. New, to shift the beginning of the other cocks closed at both supply-and exit, as

above. By this means the initial current is thrown successively from eistern to cistern and every freezing-vessel K subjected to the same succession of colder or less cold currents. If by error in manipulating the cocks the supply-pipe or any other part becomes in danger of undue strain, it is relieved by pipe G,with its safety-valve f f, which immediately lifts against the tension of a spring and opens the circulation into E directly.

The equalizer, Fig. I, performs the office of an air-vessel for equalizing pressure. It is simply a pipe, m m, with smooth bore, having a plunger', n a, at bottom, checked at s s and pressed down by a spring having a proper tension and a considerable range of elasticity.' lfthesupply-pump is at its points of morethau average throw, the plunger-a n will rise against the spring, receiving into the pipe beneath the excess of supply and giving out above the same quantity to supply the stroke of the upper circulation or exit pump. `Vhen, again, the supply-pump is throwing less than its average, (and, of course, the circulation-pump drawing just after the same regimem) the liquid of circulation goes into m m above and flows from it beneath. Thestacks are formed and united to the channels, as seen in different gures, but especiallyin Fig. VI. The oval pipes are brazed or soldered into brack- 1 etsk kkk, &c., formed with surrounding jaws, asin the figure.` This is received against a thin flange that is formed upon the sides ofv a projecting hollow ridge or wrist of the chan-- nel-up and down,.and wedgesof wood or metal (see the spaces next r r) press it home against the iat surface of the bracket. These surfaces have a slight pitch, allowing the stacks to wedge about three-sixteenths of an inch as they go in, and thus allows thin india-rubber or other substance to be interposed to make a tight fit. The channels are attached to the cocks by a lsimilar plan; also certain other parts to Ithe channels. each stack F F can be unfastened by drawing its wedges without disturbing the others. The narrow stri psu u are soldered on to prevent bruising or abrading the stacks by the vessels K.

The freezingvessels, being in place, as Kin Fig. VI, will have the cold liquid acting in a currentupon them by the following arrangement: I

Fig. Vshows a front elevation, a. side elevation, and plan of the splash-pump J J the splash-pipes F F F F issuing from it and located in the recess C C, Figs. I and II, &c., of the v at. The plunger o o is worked by the rod p p up and down,which draws and throws the cold liquid of the vat forward and back" through F FFF. Thisliquid is drawn from the surface in the vat through-the channels H H l' H, &C., which come from fun- By this arrangement nels a a c a-,'&c., in the splash-pipes that open toward the pump and rise behind and turnover the front channels and down withv a flat funnel into the cistcrn. At a ca a, 85e.,

'there is a cork ball-valve, which prevents regurgitation, and N N, &c.,are valves opening up into the chambers s t s, above described, below the floor-stacks; It will be seen how `thesplasl1pump draws liquid from the sur- -thrown into s t s through N.

It is a defect in artificial ice that air liberated from the water is incorporated in bubbles within the mass, making it porous and opaque.` lThislhave remedied measurably by using water previously exhausted of air in a vacuum.' For this I attached to my earlier engine an air-pump, L L, which drew 'air out of a water-exhaust, being an air-tight vessel exhausted by L L, and water admitted or sprinkled in through a cock. W'ith this water K K, &c.., were filled for freezing,`and the water protected from reabsorption of air by a diaphragm or a film of oil floating on top. A still better way is shown in Figs. IV and VI. Here a pipe, g q q, with a cock, r r', enters the cover o o, which, by the intervention of indiarubber, makes 'the cavity o f IC air -tighthl When L L is at work'and r r is open, avvzanum is formed in K,and the water inK is eX- hausted of air. This might break the vessel if allowed before a crust of ice is formed within and on the bottom and around the sides. I do not therefore open the cock tilla crust of ice is formed of sufficient thickness. Inasmuch as the rstice is clear and sound, this will not be' a considerable objection. Instead, however,

of fitting each cover o ovwith a cock, I simplyaj, extend q q q to4 lie along and on top ofthe,.,7'

stacks F F F, with branches coupled on to eachI cover, and by this means a single-cock con-l trois-the vacuum in all the freezing-vessels ot' a eistern. By regulating my cisterns in groups .with a cock to each I control the whole, opening one group to the vacuum when suiiiciently inerusted, then another, and` so on, for it will be observed that my system of four-way cocks enables meto freeze up the cisterns successively and alike in a perpetual round of equable operation.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Let.- ters Patent, is the following:

1. The construction of freezing-cisterns by pipes ranged in stacks, in combination with a supply or an exit pipe, and connecting-channels eonducting the circulation from one stack or cisternto another, all substantially as above andwhether with or without the cocks.

2. The four-way cocksin their construction, 6. The `peculiar mode vof connecting the and the combination of those cocks, or their stacks with the channels and channels with equivalent, with the channels and the stacks, the cocks or other pieces, as shown and deor with the stacks directly. scribed.

3. The equalizer. New Haven, Connecticut, October 4, 1861. 4. -The combination of the splash-pump with the cisterns by pipes and valves, substantially ALEXR. C. TWINING. as above.

5. The combination of an air-pump with a Witnesses: tghtly-covered vesse1 or vessels to draw air HELEN T. MAGILL, from the vessels and contents during freezing MARY A. TWINING.

by intervening pipes or connections.l 

